Modernism was a collection of ideas, in part in response to the terrible losses of WW1, to create a better world by changes in philosophical thinking. It was about using art in a secular, apolitical way, to transform society into an utopian ideal by focusing on design and the way people live. Although originally rejecting politics, many of the idealogies are politically left of centre.
There are five ideaologies:
Communist utopia
It was bourne out of Constructivism and the Avant Garde having the desire ‘not to adorn life but to organise it’. The work was seen in architecture and propaganda primarily, but also in new ways of thinking.
Social utopia
Social utopia was adopted by De Stijl and the Bauhaus to utilise new industrial methods to create greater social equality within exisiting social and economic structures.
Spiritual utopia
Practioners sought to reject the sterile design aesthetic of the modern world, looking inwards at human intellect and the soul.
Dionysian utopia
The emotional and sensual obsession of the Italian Futurists was embraced in their utopia ideals of a world where everything was create by the machine.
Rational utopia
A practical and rational idealism, it sought to use mechanisation to fuel social change for equality, giving everyone access to a clean, bright and fresh life.
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